carbon-lang/testing/file_test/test_file.cpp

// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

#include "testing/file_test/test_file.h"

#include <fstream>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

#include "common/check.h"
#include "common/error.h"
#include "common/find.h"
#include "common/raw_string_ostream.h"
#include "common/set.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
#include "llvm/Support/JSON.h"
#include "testing/base/file_helpers.h"
#include "testing/file_test/line.h"

namespace Carbon::Testing {

using ::testing::Matcher;
using ::testing::MatchesRegex;
using ::testing::StrEq;

// Represents the different kinds of version-control conflict markers that are
// relevant for the autoupdater. One key concern here is the distinction between
// "snapshot" and "diff" conflict regions. Snapshot regions are the more
// traditional kind, where the entire region between two markers represents the
// exact state of a region of the underlying file at some snapshot (e.g. the
// base commit or one of the conflicting commits). Diff regions are
// produced by jj. They show the diff between the base and one side of the
// conflict, using a prefix character on each line: '+' indicates an added line,
// '-' indicates a removed line, and ' ' indicates an unchanged line. Note that
// a single conflict may contain both snapshot and diff regions.
//
// See https://docs.jj-vcs.dev/latest/conflicts/ for more information.
enum class MarkerKind {
  // Represents a line that is not a conflict marker.
  None,
  // Marks the start of a conflict, and potentially a snapshot region.
  Start,
  // Marks the end of a conflict.
  End,
  // Marks the start of a snapshot region.
  Snapshot,
  // Marks the start of a diff region.
  Diff
};

// Processes conflict markers, including tracking the previous conflict marker.
// Returns true if the line is consumed.
static auto TryConsumeConflictMarker(bool running_autoupdate,
                                     llvm::StringRef line,
                                     llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                                     MarkerKind& previous_marker)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  MarkerKind new_marker;
  if (line.starts_with("<<<<<<<")) {
    new_marker = MarkerKind::Start;
  } else if (line.starts_with(">>>>>>>")) {
    new_marker = MarkerKind::End;
  } else if (line.starts_with("=======") || line.starts_with("|||||||") ||
             line.starts_with("+++++++") || line.starts_with("-------")) {
    // git uses "=======" and "|||||||" to mark boundaries between conflict
    // regions (which are always snapshots). jj uses "+++++++" and "-------" to
    // mark the start of different kinds of snapshot regions.
    new_marker = MarkerKind::Snapshot;
  } else if (line.starts_with("%%%%%%%") || line.starts_with(R"(\\\\\\\)")) {
    // jj uses "%%%%%%%" to mark the start of a diff region, and "\\\\\\\" to
    // add a second line to a "%%%%%%%" marker for formatting purposes.
    new_marker = MarkerKind::Diff;
  } else {
    new_marker = MarkerKind::None;
  }

  // When running the test, any conflict marker is an error.
  if (!running_autoupdate && (new_marker != MarkerKind::None)) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Conflict marker found:\n" << line;
  }

  bool inside_conflict_marker = [&] {
    switch (previous_marker) {
      case MarkerKind::None:
      case MarkerKind::End:
        return false;
      case MarkerKind::Start:
      case MarkerKind::Snapshot:
      case MarkerKind::Diff:
        return true;
    }
  }();

  switch (new_marker) {
    case MarkerKind::End:
    case MarkerKind::Snapshot:
    case MarkerKind::Diff:
      if (!inside_conflict_marker) {
        return ErrorBuilder()
               << "Unexpected conflict marker outside conflict:\n"
               << line;
      }
      previous_marker = new_marker;
      return true;
    case MarkerKind::Start:
      if (inside_conflict_marker) {
        return ErrorBuilder() << "Unexpected conflict marker inside conflict:\n"
                              << line;
      }
      previous_marker = new_marker;
      return true;
    case MarkerKind::None:
      if (!inside_conflict_marker) {
        return false;
      }

      if (previous_marker == MarkerKind::Diff) {
        if (!line.consume_front(" ") && !line.consume_front("+") &&
            !line.consume_front("-")) {
          return ErrorBuilder() << "Line inside diff-style conflict doesn't "
                                   "start with '+', '-', or ' ':\n"
                                << line;
        }
        line_trimmed = line.ltrim();
      }

      // Look for CHECK and TIP lines, which can be discarded.
      if (line_trimmed.starts_with("// CHECK:STDOUT:") ||
          line_trimmed.starts_with("// CHECK:STDERR:") ||
          line_trimmed.starts_with("// TIP:")) {
        return true;
      }

      return ErrorBuilder() << "Autoupdate can't discard non-CHECK lines "
                               "inside conflicts:\n";
  }
}

// State for file splitting logic: TryConsumeSplit and FinishSplit.
struct SplitState {
  auto has_splits() const -> bool { return file_index > 0; }

  auto add_content(llvm::StringRef line) -> void {
    content.append(line.str());
    content.append("\n");
  }

  // Whether content has been found. Only updated before a file split is found
  // (which may be never).
  bool found_code_pre_split = false;

  // The current file name, considering splits. Empty for the default file.
  llvm::StringRef filename = "";

  // The accumulated content for the file being built. This may elide some of
  // the original content, such as conflict markers.
  std::string content;

  // The current file index.
  int file_index = 0;
};

// Given a `file:/<filename>` URI, returns the filename.
static auto ExtractFilePathFromUri(llvm::StringRef uri)
    -> ErrorOr<llvm::StringRef> {
  static constexpr llvm::StringRef FilePrefix = "file:/";
  if (!uri.starts_with(FilePrefix)) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "uri `" << uri << "` is not a file uri";
  }
  return uri.drop_front(FilePrefix.size());
}

// When `FROM_FILE_SPLIT` is used in path `textDocument.text`, populate the
// value from the split matching the `uri`. Only used for
// `textDocument/didOpen`.
static auto AutoFillDidOpenParams(llvm::json::Object& params,
                                  llvm::ArrayRef<TestFile::Split> splits)
    -> ErrorOr<Success> {
  auto* text_document = params.getObject("textDocument");
  if (text_document == nullptr) {
    return Success();
  }

  auto attr_it = text_document->find("text");
  if (attr_it == text_document->end() || attr_it->second != "FROM_FILE_SPLIT") {
    return Success();
  }

  auto uri = text_document->getString("uri");
  if (!uri) {
    return Error("missing uri in params.textDocument");
  }

  CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(auto file_path, ExtractFilePathFromUri(*uri));
  const auto* split = FindIfOrNull(splits, [&](const TestFile::Split& split) {
    return split.filename == file_path;
  });
  if (!split) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "No split found for uri: " << *uri;
  }
  attr_it->second = split->content;
  return Success();
}

// Reformats `[[@LSP:` and similar keyword as an LSP call with headers. Returns
// the position to start a find for the next keyword.
static auto ReplaceLspKeywordAt(std::string& content, size_t keyword_pos,
                                int& lsp_call_id,
                                llvm::ArrayRef<TestFile::Split> splits)
    -> ErrorOr<size_t> {
  llvm::StringRef content_at_keyword =
      llvm::StringRef(content).substr(keyword_pos);

  auto [keyword, body_start] = content_at_keyword.split(":");
  if (keyword.size() == content_at_keyword.size()) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Missing `:` for `"
                          << content_at_keyword.take_front(10) << "`";
  }

  // Whether the first param is a method or id.
  llvm::StringRef method_or_id_label = "method";
  // Whether to attach the `lsp_call_id`.
  bool use_call_id = false;
  // The JSON label for extra content.
  llvm::StringRef extra_content_label;
  if (keyword == "[[@LSP-CALL") {
    use_call_id = true;
    extra_content_label = "params";
  } else if (keyword == "[[@LSP-NOTIFY") {
    extra_content_label = "params";
  } else if (keyword == "[[@LSP-REPLY") {
    method_or_id_label = "id";
    extra_content_label = "result";
  } else if (keyword != "[[@LSP") {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Unrecognized @LSP keyword at `"
                          << keyword.take_front(10) << "`";
  }

  static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral LspEnd = "]]";
  auto [body, rest] = body_start.split("]]");
  if (body.size() == body_start.size()) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Missing `" << LspEnd << "` after `" << keyword
                          << "`";
  }
  auto [method_or_id, extra_content] = body.split(":");

  llvm::json::Value parsed_extra_content = nullptr;
  if (!extra_content.empty()) {
    std::string extra_content_as_object =
        llvm::formatv("{{{0}}", extra_content);
    auto parse_result = llvm::json::parse(extra_content_as_object);
    if (auto err = parse_result.takeError()) {
      return ErrorBuilder() << "Error parsing extra content: " << err;
    }
    parsed_extra_content = std::move(*parse_result);
    CARBON_CHECK(parsed_extra_content.kind() == llvm::json::Value::Object);
    if (extra_content_label == "params" &&
        method_or_id == "textDocument/didOpen") {
      CARBON_RETURN_IF_ERROR(
          AutoFillDidOpenParams(*parsed_extra_content.getAsObject(), splits));
    }
  }

  // Form the JSON.
  RawStringOstream buffer;
  llvm::json::OStream json(buffer);

  json.object([&] {
    json.attribute("jsonrpc", "2.0");
    json.attribute(method_or_id_label, method_or_id);

    if (use_call_id) {
      json.attribute("id", ++lsp_call_id);
    }
    if (parsed_extra_content != nullptr) {
      if (!extra_content_label.empty()) {
        json.attribute(extra_content_label, parsed_extra_content);
      } else {
        for (const auto& [key, value] : *parsed_extra_content.getAsObject()) {
          json.attribute(key, value);
        }
      }
    }
  });

  // Add the Content-Length header. The `2` accounts for extra newlines.
  int content_length = buffer.size() + 2;
  auto json_with_header = llvm::formatv("Content-Length: {0}\n\n{1}\n",
                                        content_length, buffer.TakeStr())
                              .str();
  size_t keyword_len = rest.data() - keyword.data();
  content.replace(keyword_pos, keyword_len, json_with_header);
  return keyword_pos + json_with_header.size();
}

// Replaces `[[@0xAB]]` with the raw byte with value 0xAB. Returns the position
// to start a find for the next keyword.
static auto ReplaceRawByteKeywordAt(std::string& content, size_t keyword_pos)
    -> ErrorOr<size_t> {
  llvm::StringRef content_at_keyword =
      llvm::StringRef(content).substr(keyword_pos);
  auto [keyword, rest] = content_at_keyword.split("]]");
  if (keyword.size() == content_at_keyword.size()) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Missing `]]` after " << keyword.take_front(10)
                          << "`";
  }

  unsigned char byte_value;
  if (keyword.substr(std::size("[[@0x") - 1).getAsInteger(16, byte_value)) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Invalid raw byte specifier `"
                          << keyword.take_front(10) << "`";
  }

  content.replace(keyword_pos, keyword.size() + 2, 1, byte_value);
  return keyword_pos + 1;
}

// Replaces the keyword at the given position. Returns the position to start a
// find for the next keyword.
static auto ReplaceContentKeywordAt(std::string& content, size_t keyword_pos,
                                    llvm::StringRef test_name, int& lsp_call_id,
                                    llvm::ArrayRef<TestFile::Split> splits)
    -> ErrorOr<size_t> {
  auto keyword = llvm::StringRef(content).substr(keyword_pos);

  // Line replacements aren't handled here.
  static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral Line = "[[@LINE";
  if (keyword.starts_with(Line)) {
    // Just move past the prefix to find the next one.
    return keyword_pos + Line.size();
  }

  // Replaced with the actual test name.
  static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral TestName = "[[@TEST_NAME]]";
  if (keyword.starts_with(TestName)) {
    content.replace(keyword_pos, TestName.size(), test_name);
    return keyword_pos + test_name.size();
  }

  if (keyword.starts_with("[[@LSP")) {
    return ReplaceLspKeywordAt(content, keyword_pos, lsp_call_id, splits);
  }

  if (keyword.starts_with("[[@0x")) {
    return ReplaceRawByteKeywordAt(content, keyword_pos);
  }

  return ErrorBuilder() << "Unexpected use of `[[@` at `"
                        << keyword.substr(0, 5) << "`";
}

// Replaces the content keywords.
//
// This handles content keywords such as [[@TEST_NAME]] and [[@LSP*]]. Unknown
// content keywords are diagnosed.
static auto ReplaceContentKeywords(llvm::StringRef filename,
                                   std::string& content,
                                   llvm::ArrayRef<TestFile::Split> splits)
    -> ErrorOr<Success> {
  static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral Prefix = "[[@";

  auto keyword_pos = content.find(Prefix);
  // Return early if not finding anything.
  if (keyword_pos == std::string::npos) {
    return Success();
  }

  // Construct the test name by getting the base name without the extension,
  // then removing any "fail_" or "todo_" prefixes.
  llvm::StringRef test_name = filename;
  if (auto last_slash = test_name.rfind("/");
      last_slash != llvm::StringRef::npos) {
    test_name = test_name.substr(last_slash + 1);
  }
  if (auto ext_dot = test_name.find("."); ext_dot != llvm::StringRef::npos) {
    test_name = test_name.substr(0, ext_dot);
  }
  // Note this also handles `fail_todo_` and `todo_fail_`.
  test_name.consume_front("todo_");
  test_name.consume_front("fail_");
  test_name.consume_front("todo_");

  // A counter for LSP calls.
  int lsp_call_id = 0;
  while (keyword_pos != std::string::npos) {
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        auto keyword_end,
        ReplaceContentKeywordAt(content, keyword_pos, test_name, lsp_call_id,
                                splits));
    keyword_pos = content.find(Prefix, keyword_end);
  }
  return Success();
}

// Adds a file. Used for both split and unsplit test files.
static auto AddSplit(llvm::StringRef filename, std::string& content,
                     llvm::SmallVector<TestFile::Split>& file_splits)
    -> ErrorOr<Success> {
  CARBON_RETURN_IF_ERROR(
      ReplaceContentKeywords(filename, content, file_splits));
  file_splits.push_back(
      {.filename = filename.str(), .content = std::move(content)});
  content.clear();
  return Success();
}

// Process file split ("---") lines when found. Returns true if the line is
// consumed. `non_check_lines` is only provided for the main file, and will be
// null for includes.
static auto TryConsumeSplit(llvm::StringRef line, llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                            bool missing_autoupdate, int& line_index,
                            SplitState& split,
                            llvm::SmallVector<TestFile::Split>& file_splits,
                            llvm::SmallVector<FileTestLine>* non_check_lines)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  if (!line_trimmed.consume_front("// ---")) {
    if (!split.has_splits() && !line_trimmed.starts_with("//") &&
        !line_trimmed.empty()) {
      split.found_code_pre_split = true;
    }

    // Add the line to the current file's content (which may not be a split
    // file).
    split.add_content(line);
    return false;
  }

  if (missing_autoupdate) {
    // If there's a split, all output is appended at the end of each file
    // before AUTOUPDATE. We may want to change that, but it's not
    // necessary to handle right now.
    return Error(
        "AUTOUPDATE/NOAUTOUPDATE setting must be in "
        "the first file.");
  }

  // On a file split, add the previous file, then start a new one.
  if (split.has_splits()) {
    CARBON_RETURN_IF_ERROR(
        AddSplit(split.filename, split.content, file_splits));
  } else {
    split.content.clear();
    if (split.found_code_pre_split) {
      // For the first split, we make sure there was no content prior.
      return Error(
          "When using split files, there must be no content before the first "
          "split file.");
    }
  }

  ++split.file_index;
  split.filename = line_trimmed.trim();
  if (split.filename.empty()) {
    return Error("Missing filename for split.");
  }
  // The split line is added to non_check_lines for retention in autoupdate, but
  // is not added to the test file content.
  line_index = 0;
  if (non_check_lines) {
    non_check_lines->push_back(
        FileTestLine(split.file_index, line_index, line));
  }
  return true;
}

// Converts a `FileCheck`-style expectation string into a single complete regex
// string by escaping all regex characters outside of the designated `{{...}}`
// regex sequences, and switching those to a normal regex sub-pattern syntax.
static auto ConvertExpectationStringToRegex(std::string& str) -> void {
  for (int pos = 0; pos < static_cast<int>(str.size());) {
    switch (str[pos]) {
      case '(':
      case ')':
      case '[':
      case ']':
      case '}':
      case '.':
      case '^':
      case '$':
      case '*':
      case '+':
      case '?':
      case '|':
      case '\\': {
        // Escape regex characters.
        str.insert(pos, "\\");
        pos += 2;
        break;
      }
      case '{': {
        if (pos + 1 == static_cast<int>(str.size()) || str[pos + 1] != '{') {
          // Single `{`, escape it.
          str.insert(pos, "\\");
          pos += 2;
          break;
        }

        // Replace the `{{...}}` regex syntax with standard `(...)` syntax.
        str.replace(pos, 2, "(");
        for (++pos; pos < static_cast<int>(str.size() - 1); ++pos) {
          if (str[pos] == '}' && str[pos + 1] == '}') {
            str.replace(pos, 2, ")");
            ++pos;
            break;
          }
        }
        break;
      }
      default: {
        ++pos;
      }
    }
  }
}

// Transforms an expectation on a given line from `FileCheck` syntax into a
// standard regex matcher.
static auto TransformExpectation(int line_index, llvm::StringRef in)
    -> ErrorOr<Matcher<std::string>> {
  if (in.empty()) {
    return Matcher<std::string>{StrEq("")};
  }
  if (!in.consume_front(" ")) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Malformated CHECK line: " << in;
  }

  // Check early if we have a regex component as we can avoid building an
  // expensive matcher when not using those.
  bool has_regex = in.find("{{") != llvm::StringRef::npos;

  // Now scan the string and expand any keywords. Note that this needs to be
  // `size_t` to correctly store `npos`.
  size_t keyword_pos = in.find("[[");

  // If there are neither keywords nor regex sequences, we can match the
  // incoming string directly.
  if (!has_regex && keyword_pos == llvm::StringRef::npos) {
    return Matcher<std::string>{StrEq(in)};
  }

  std::string str = in.str();

  // First expand the keywords.
  while (keyword_pos != std::string::npos) {
    llvm::StringRef line_keyword_cursor =
        llvm::StringRef(str).substr(keyword_pos);
    CARBON_CHECK(line_keyword_cursor.consume_front("[["));

    static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral LineKeyword = "@LINE";
    if (!line_keyword_cursor.consume_front(LineKeyword)) {
      return ErrorBuilder()
             << "Unexpected [[, should be {{\\[\\[}} at `"
             << line_keyword_cursor.substr(0, 5) << "` in: " << in;
    }

    // Allow + or - here; consumeInteger handles -.
    line_keyword_cursor.consume_front("+");
    int offset;
    // consumeInteger returns true for errors, not false.
    if (line_keyword_cursor.consumeInteger(10, offset) ||
        !line_keyword_cursor.consume_front("]]")) {
      return ErrorBuilder()
             << "Unexpected @LINE offset at `"
             << line_keyword_cursor.substr(0, 5) << "` in: " << in;
    }
    std::string int_str = llvm::Twine(line_index + offset).str();
    int remove_len = (line_keyword_cursor.data() - str.data()) - keyword_pos;
    str.replace(keyword_pos, remove_len, int_str);
    keyword_pos += int_str.size();
    // Find the next keyword start or the end of the string.
    keyword_pos = str.find("[[", keyword_pos);
  }

  // If there was no regex, we can directly match the adjusted string.
  if (!has_regex) {
    return Matcher<std::string>{StrEq(str)};
  }

  // Otherwise, we need to turn the entire string into a regex by escaping
  // things outside the regex region and transforming the regex region into a
  // normal syntax.
  ConvertExpectationStringToRegex(str);
  return Matcher<std::string>{MatchesRegex(str)};
}

// Once all content is processed, do any remaining split processing.
static auto FinishSplit(llvm::StringRef filename, bool is_include_file,
                        SplitState& split,
                        llvm::SmallVector<TestFile::Split>& file_splits)
    -> ErrorOr<Success> {
  if (split.has_splits()) {
    return AddSplit(split.filename, split.content, file_splits);
  } else {
    // If no file splitting happened, use the main file as the test file.
    // There will always be a `/` unless tests are in the repo root.
    std::string split_name = std::filesystem::path(filename.str()).filename();
    if (is_include_file) {
      split_name.insert(0, "include_files/");
    }
    return AddSplit(split_name, split.content, file_splits);
  }
}

// Process CHECK lines when found. Returns true if the line is consumed.
// `expected_stdout` and `expected_stderr` are null in included files, where
// it's an error to use `CHECK`.
static auto TryConsumeCheck(
    bool running_autoupdate, int line_index, llvm::StringRef line,
    llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
    llvm::SmallVector<testing::Matcher<std::string>>* expected_stdout,
    llvm::SmallVector<testing::Matcher<std::string>>* expected_stderr)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  if (!line_trimmed.consume_front("// CHECK")) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!expected_stdout) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Included files can't add CHECKs: "
                          << line_trimmed;
  }

  // Don't build expectations when doing an autoupdate. We don't want to
  // break the autoupdate on an invalid CHECK line.
  if (!running_autoupdate) {
    llvm::SmallVector<Matcher<std::string>>* expected;
    if (line_trimmed.consume_front(":STDOUT:")) {
      expected = expected_stdout;
    } else if (line_trimmed.consume_front(":STDERR:")) {
      expected = expected_stderr;
    } else {
      return ErrorBuilder() << "Unexpected CHECK in input: " << line.str();
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(Matcher<std::string> check_matcher,
                            TransformExpectation(line_index, line_trimmed));
    expected->push_back(check_matcher);
  }
  return true;
}

// Processes ARGS and EXTRA-ARGS lines when found. Returns true if the line is
// consumed.
static auto TryConsumeArgs(llvm::StringRef line, llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                           llvm::SmallVector<std::string>& args)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  if (!line_trimmed.consume_front("// ARGS: ")) {
    return false;
  }

  if (!args.empty()) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "ARGS specified multiple times: " << line.str();
  }

  // Split the line into arguments.
  std::pair<llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef> cursor =
      llvm::getToken(line_trimmed);
  while (!cursor.first.empty()) {
    args.push_back(std::string(cursor.first));
    cursor = llvm::getToken(cursor.second);
  }

  return true;
}
static auto TryConsumeExtraArgs(llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                                llvm::SmallVector<std::string>& extra_args)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  if (!line_trimmed.consume_front("// EXTRA-ARGS: ")) {
    return false;
  }

  // Split the line into arguments.
  std::pair<llvm::StringRef, llvm::StringRef> cursor =
      llvm::getToken(line_trimmed);
  while (!cursor.first.empty()) {
    extra_args.push_back(std::string(cursor.first));
    cursor = llvm::getToken(cursor.second);
  }

  return true;
}

static auto TryConsumeIncludeFile(llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                                  llvm::SmallVector<std::string>& include_files)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  if (!line_trimmed.consume_front("// INCLUDE-FILE: ")) {
    return false;
  }

  include_files.push_back(line_trimmed.str());
  return true;
}

// Processes AUTOUPDATE lines when found. Returns true if the line is consumed.
// `found_autoupdate` and `autoupdate_line_number` are only provided for the
// main file; it's an error to have autoupdate in included files.
static auto TryConsumeAutoupdate(int line_index, llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                                 bool* found_autoupdate,
                                 std::optional<int>* autoupdate_line_number)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral Autoupdate = "// AUTOUPDATE";
  static constexpr llvm::StringLiteral NoAutoupdate = "// NOAUTOUPDATE";
  if (line_trimmed != Autoupdate && line_trimmed != NoAutoupdate) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!found_autoupdate) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Included files can't control autoupdate: "
                          << line_trimmed;
  }
  if (*found_autoupdate) {
    return Error("Multiple AUTOUPDATE/NOAUTOUPDATE settings found");
  }
  *found_autoupdate = true;
  if (line_trimmed == Autoupdate) {
    *autoupdate_line_number = line_index;
  }
  return true;
}

// Processes SET-* lines when found. Returns true if the line is consumed.
// If `flag` is null, we're in an included file where the flag can't be set.
static auto TryConsumeSetFlag(llvm::StringRef line_trimmed,
                              llvm::StringLiteral flag_name, bool* flag)
    -> ErrorOr<bool> {
  if (!line_trimmed.consume_front("// ") || line_trimmed != flag_name) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!flag) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Included files can't set flag: " << line_trimmed;
  }
  if (*flag) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << flag_name << " was specified multiple times";
  }
  *flag = true;
  return true;
}

// Process content for either the main file (with `test_file` and
// `found_autoupdate` provided) or an included file (with those arguments null).
//
// - `found_autoupdate` is set to true when either `AUTOUPDATE` or
//   `NOAUTOUPDATE` are found.
// - `args` is set from `ARGS`.
// - `extra_args` accumulates `EXTRA-ARGS`.
// - `splits` accumulates split form for the test (`// --- <filename>`, or the
//   full file named as `filename` when there are no splits in the file).
// - `include_files` accumulates `INCLUDE-FILE`.
static auto ProcessFileContent(llvm::StringRef filename,
                               llvm::StringRef content_cursor,
                               bool running_autoupdate, TestFile* test_file,
                               bool* found_autoupdate,
                               llvm::SmallVector<std::string>& args,
                               llvm::SmallVector<std::string>& extra_args,
                               llvm::SmallVector<TestFile::Split>& splits,
                               llvm::SmallVector<std::string>& include_files)
    -> ErrorOr<Success> {
  // The index in the current test file. Will be reset on splits.
  int line_index = 0;

  // When autoupdating, we track whether we're inside conflict markers.
  // Otherwise conflict markers are errors.
  auto previous_conflict_marker = MarkerKind::None;

  SplitState split_state;

  while (!content_cursor.empty()) {
    auto [line, next_cursor] = content_cursor.split("\n");
    content_cursor = next_cursor;
    auto line_trimmed = line.ltrim();

    bool is_consumed = false;

    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        is_consumed,
        TryConsumeConflictMarker(running_autoupdate, line, line_trimmed,
                                 previous_conflict_marker));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }

    // At this point, remaining lines are part of the test input.

    // We need to consume a split, but the main file has a little more handling.
    bool missing_autoupdate = false;
    llvm::SmallVector<FileTestLine>* non_check_lines = nullptr;
    if (test_file) {
      missing_autoupdate = !*found_autoupdate;
      non_check_lines = &test_file->non_check_lines;
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        is_consumed,
        TryConsumeSplit(line, line_trimmed, missing_autoupdate, line_index,
                        split_state, splits, non_check_lines));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }

    ++line_index;

    // TIP lines have no impact on validation.
    if (line_trimmed.starts_with("// TIP:")) {
      continue;
    }

    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        is_consumed,
        TryConsumeCheck(running_autoupdate, line_index, line, line_trimmed,
                        test_file ? &test_file->expected_stdout : nullptr,
                        test_file ? &test_file->expected_stderr : nullptr));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }

    if (test_file) {
      // At this point, lines are retained as non-CHECK lines.
      test_file->non_check_lines.push_back(
          FileTestLine(split_state.file_index, line_index, line));
    }

    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(is_consumed,
                            TryConsumeArgs(line, line_trimmed, args));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(is_consumed,
                            TryConsumeExtraArgs(line_trimmed, extra_args));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(is_consumed,
                            TryConsumeIncludeFile(line_trimmed, include_files));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }

    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        is_consumed,
        TryConsumeAutoupdate(
            line_index, line_trimmed, found_autoupdate,
            test_file ? &test_file->autoupdate_line_number : nullptr));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        is_consumed,
        TryConsumeSetFlag(
            line_trimmed, "SET-CAPTURE-CONSOLE-OUTPUT",
            test_file ? &test_file->capture_console_output : nullptr));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(
        is_consumed,
        TryConsumeSetFlag(line_trimmed, "SET-CHECK-SUBSET",
                          test_file ? &test_file->check_subset : nullptr));
    if (is_consumed) {
      continue;
    }
  }

  CARBON_RETURN_IF_ERROR(FinishSplit(filename, /*is_include_file=*/!test_file,
                                     split_state, splits));

  if (test_file) {
    test_file->has_splits = split_state.has_splits();
  }
  return Success();
}

auto ProcessTestFile(llvm::StringRef test_name, bool running_autoupdate)
    -> ErrorOr<TestFile> {
  TestFile test_file;

  // Store the original content, to avoid a read when autoupdating.
  CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(test_file.input_content, ReadFile(test_name.str()));

  // Whether either AUTOUDPATE or NOAUTOUPDATE was found.
  bool found_autoupdate = false;

  // INCLUDE-FILE uses, accumulated across both the main file and any includes
  // (recursively).
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string> include_files;

  // Store the main file's `EXTRA-ARGS` so that they can be put after any that
  // come from `INCLUDE-FILE`.
  llvm::SmallVector<std::string> main_extra_args;

  // Process the main file.
  CARBON_RETURN_IF_ERROR(ProcessFileContent(
      test_name, test_file.input_content, running_autoupdate, &test_file,
      &found_autoupdate, test_file.test_args, main_extra_args,
      test_file.file_splits, include_files));

  if (!found_autoupdate) {
    return ErrorBuilder() << "Missing AUTOUPDATE/NOAUTOUPDATE setting";
  }

  constexpr llvm::StringLiteral AutoupdateSplit = "AUTOUPDATE-SPLIT";

  // Validate AUTOUPDATE-SPLIT use, and remove it from test files if present.
  if (test_file.has_splits) {
    for (const auto& test_file :
         llvm::ArrayRef(test_file.file_splits).drop_back()) {
      if (test_file.filename == AutoupdateSplit) {
        return Error("AUTOUPDATE-SPLIT must be the last split");
      }
    }
    if (test_file.file_splits.back().filename == AutoupdateSplit) {
      if (!test_file.autoupdate_line_number) {
        return Error("AUTOUPDATE-SPLIT requires AUTOUPDATE");
      }
      test_file.autoupdate_split = true;
      test_file.file_splits.pop_back();
    }
  }

  // Assume there is always a suffix `\n` in output.
  if (!test_file.expected_stdout.empty()) {
    test_file.expected_stdout.push_back(StrEq(""));
  }
  if (!test_file.expected_stderr.empty()) {
    test_file.expected_stderr.push_back(StrEq(""));
  }

  // Process includes. This can add entries to `include_files`.
  Set<std::string> processed_includes;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < include_files.size(); ++i) {
    const auto& filename = include_files[i];
    if (!processed_includes.Insert(filename).is_inserted()) {
      // Ignore repeated includes, mainly so that included files can include the
      // same file (i.e., repeated indirectly).
      continue;
    }
    CARBON_ASSIGN_OR_RETURN(std::string content, ReadFile(filename));
    // Note autoupdate never touches included files.
    CARBON_RETURN_IF_ERROR(ProcessFileContent(
        filename, content, /*running_autoupdate=*/false,
        /*test_file=*/nullptr,
        /*found_autoupdate=*/nullptr, test_file.test_args, test_file.extra_args,
        test_file.include_file_splits, include_files));
  }

  for (const auto& split : test_file.include_file_splits) {
    if (split.filename == AutoupdateSplit) {
      return Error("AUTOUPDATE-SPLIT is disallowed in included files");
    }
  }

  // Copy over `EXTRA-ARGS` from the main file (after includes).
  test_file.extra_args.append(main_extra_args);

  return std::move(test_file);
}

}  // namespace Carbon::Testing