carbon-lang/toolchain/sem_ir/formatter.h

// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

#ifndef CARBON_TOOLCHAIN_SEM_IR_FORMATTER_H_
#define CARBON_TOOLCHAIN_SEM_IR_FORMATTER_H_

#include <concepts>

#include "common/concepts.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "toolchain/base/fixed_size_value_store.h"
#include "toolchain/parse/tree_and_subtrees.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/file.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/inst_namer.h"

namespace Carbon::SemIR {

// Formatter for printing textual Semantics IR.
class Formatter {
 public:
  // sem_ir and include_ir_in_dumps must be non-null.
  explicit Formatter(
      const File* sem_ir, int total_ir_count,
      Parse::GetTreeAndSubtreesFn get_tree_and_subtrees,
      const FixedSizeValueStore<CheckIRId, bool>* include_ir_in_dumps,
      bool use_dump_sem_ir_ranges);

  // Prints the SemIR into an internal buffer. Must only be called once.
  //
  // We first print top-level scopes (constants, imports, and file) then
  // entities (types and functions). The ordering is based on references:
  //
  // - constants can have internal references.
  // - imports can refer to constants.
  // - file can refer to constants and imports, and also entities.
  // - Entities are difficult to order (forward declarations may lead to
  //   circular references), and so are simply grouped by type.
  //
  // When formatting constants and imports, we use `OutputChunks` to only print
  // entities which are referenced. For example, imports speculatively create
  // constants which may never be referenced, or for which the referencing
  // instruction may be hidden and we normally hide those. See `OutputChunk` for
  // additional information.
  //
  // Beyond `OutputChunk`, `ShouldFormatEntity` and `ShouldFormatInst` can also
  // hide instructions. These interact because an hidden instruction means its
  // references are unused for `OutputChunk` visibility.
  auto Format() -> void;

  // Write buffered output to the given stream. `Format` must be called first.
  auto Write(llvm::raw_ostream& out) -> void;

 private:
  enum class AddSpace : bool { Before, After };

  // A chunk of the buffered output. Constants and imports are buffered as
  // `OutputChunk`s until we reach the end of formatting so that we can decide
  // whether to include them based on whether they are referenced.
  //
  // When `FormatName` is called for an instruction, it's considered referenced;
  // if that instruction is in an `OutputChunk`, it and all of its dependencies
  // will be marked for printing by `Write`. If that doesn't occur by the end,
  // it will be omitted.
  struct OutputChunk {
    // Whether this chunk is known to be included in the output.
    bool include_in_output;
    // The textual contents of this chunk.
    std::string chunk = std::string();
    // Indices in `ouput_chunks_` that should be included in the output if this
    // one is.
    llvm::SmallVector<size_t> dependencies = {};
  };

  // All formatted output within the scope of this object is redirected to a
  // new tentative `OutputChunk`. The new chunk will depend on
  // `parent_chunk_index`.
  struct TentativeOutputScope {
    explicit TentativeOutputScope(Formatter& f, size_t parent_chunk_index)
        : formatter(f) {
      // If our parent is not known to be included, create a new chunk and
      // include it only if the parent is later found to be used.
      if (!f.output_chunks_[parent_chunk_index].include_in_output) {
        index = formatter.AddChunk(false);
        f.output_chunks_[parent_chunk_index].dependencies.push_back(index);
      }
    }
    ~TentativeOutputScope() {
      auto next_index = formatter.AddChunk(true);
      CARBON_CHECK(next_index == index + 1, "Nested TentativeOutputScope");
    }
    Formatter& formatter;
    size_t index;
  };

  // Fills `node_parents_` with parent information. Called at most once during
  // construction.
  auto ComputeNodeParents() -> void;

  // Flushes the buffered output to the current chunk.
  auto FlushChunk() -> void;

  // Adds a new chunk to the output. Does not flush existing output, so should
  // only be called if there is no buffered output.
  auto AddChunkNoFlush(bool include_in_output) -> size_t;

  // Flushes the current chunk and add a new chunk to the output.
  auto AddChunk(bool include_in_output) -> size_t;

  // Marks the given chunk as being included in the output if the current chunk
  // is.
  auto IncludeChunkInOutput(size_t chunk) -> void;

  // Returns true if the instruction should be included according to its
  // originating IR. Typically `ShouldFormatEntity` should be used instead.
  auto ShouldIncludeInstByIR(InstId inst_id) -> bool;

  // Determines whether the specified entity should be included in the formatted
  // output.
  auto ShouldFormatEntity(InstId decl_id) -> bool;

  auto ShouldFormatEntity(const EntityWithParamsBase& entity) -> bool;

  // Determines whether a single instruction should be included in the
  // formatted output.
  auto ShouldFormatInst(InstId inst_id) -> bool;

  // Begins a braced block. Writes an open brace, and prepares to insert a
  // newline after it if the braced block is non-empty.
  auto OpenBrace() -> void;

  // Ends a braced block by writing a close brace.
  auto CloseBrace() -> void;

  auto Semicolon() -> void;

  // Adds beginning-of-line indentation. If we're at the start of a braced
  // block, first starts a new line.
  auto Indent(int offset = 0) -> void;

  // Adds beginning-of-label indentation. This is one level less than normal
  // indentation. Labels also get a preceding blank line unless they're at the
  // start of a block.
  auto IndentLabel() -> void;

  // Formats a top-level scope, and any of the instructions in that scope that
  // are used.
  auto FormatTopLevelScopeIfUsed(InstNamer::ScopeId scope_id,
                                 llvm::ArrayRef<InstId> block,
                                 bool use_tentative_output_scopes) -> void;

  // Formats a full class.
  auto FormatClass(ClassId id, const Class& class_info) -> void;

  // Formats a full vtable.
  auto FormatVtable(VtableId id, const Vtable& vtable_info) -> void;

  // Formats a full interface.
  auto FormatInterface(InterfaceId id, const Interface& interface_info) -> void;

  // Formats a full named constraint.
  auto FormatNamedConstraint(NamedConstraintId id,
                             const NamedConstraint& constraint_info) -> void;

  // Formats an associated constant entity.
  auto FormatAssociatedConstant(AssociatedConstantId id,
                                const AssociatedConstant& assoc_const) -> void;

  // Formats a full impl.
  auto FormatImpl(ImplId id, const Impl& impl) -> void;

  // Formats a full function.
  auto FormatFunction(FunctionId id, const Function& fn) -> void;

  // Helper for FormatSpecific to print regions.
  auto FormatSpecificRegion(const Generic& generic, const Specific& specific,
                            GenericInstIndex::Region region,
                            llvm::StringRef region_name) -> void;

  // Formats a full specific.
  auto FormatSpecific(SpecificId id, const Specific& specific) -> void;

  // Handles generic-specific setup for FormatEntityStart.
  auto FormatGenericStart(llvm::StringRef entity_kind, GenericId generic_id)
      -> void;

  // Provides common formatting for entities, paired with FormatEntityEnd.
  template <typename IdT>
  auto FormatEntityStart(llvm::StringRef entity_kind,
                         InstId first_owning_decl_id, GenericId generic_id,
                         IdT entity_id) -> void;

  template <typename IdT>
  auto FormatEntityStart(llvm::StringRef entity_kind,
                         const EntityWithParamsBase& entity, IdT entity_id)
      -> void;

  // Provides common formatting for entities, paired with FormatEntityStart.
  auto FormatEntityEnd(GenericId generic_id) -> void;

  // Formats parameters, eliding them completely if they're empty. Wraps input
  // parameters in parentheses. Formats output parameter as a return type.
  auto FormatParamList(InstBlockId params_id, bool has_return_slot = false)
      -> void;

  // Prints instructions for a code block.
  auto FormatCodeBlock(InstBlockId block_id) -> void;

  // Prints a code block with braces, intended to be used trailing after other
  // content on the same line. If non-empty, instructions are on separate lines.
  auto FormatTrailingBlock(InstBlockId block_id) -> void;

  // Prints the contents of a name scope, with an optional label.
  auto FormatNameScope(NameScopeId id, llvm::StringRef label = "") -> void;

  // Prints a single instruction. This typically formats as:
  //   `FormatInstLhs()` `<ir_name>` `FormatInstRhs()` `<constant>`
  //
  // Some instruction kinds are special-cased here. However, it's more common to
  // provide special-casing of `FormatInstRhs`, for custom argument
  // formatting.
  auto FormatInst(InstId inst_id) -> void;

  // If there is a pending library name that the current instruction was
  // imported from, print it now and clear it out.
  auto FormatPendingImportedFrom(AddSpace space_where) -> void;

  // If there is a pending constant value attached to the current instruction,
  // print it now and clear it out. The constant value gets printed before the
  // first braced block argument, or at the end of the instruction if there are
  // no such arguments.
  auto FormatPendingConstantValue(AddSpace space_where) -> void;

  // Formats `<name>[: <type>] = `. Skips unnamed instructions (according to
  // `inst_namer_`). Typed instructions must be named.
  auto FormatInstLhs(InstId inst_id, Inst inst) -> void;

  // Formats arguments to an instruction. This will typically look like "
  // <arg0>, <arg1>".
  auto FormatInstRhs(Inst inst) -> void;

  // Formats the default case for `FormatInstRhs`.
  auto FormatInstRhsDefault(Inst inst) -> void;

  // Formats arguments as " <callee>(<args>) -> <return>".
  auto FormatCallRhs(Call inst) -> void;

  // Standard formatting for a declaration instruction's arguments.
  template <typename IdT>
  auto FormatDeclRhs(IdT decl_id, InstBlockId pattern_block_id,
                     InstBlockId decl_block_id) {
    FormatArgs(decl_id);
    llvm::SaveAndRestore scope(scope_, inst_namer_.GetScopeFor(decl_id));
    FormatTrailingBlock(pattern_block_id);
    FormatTrailingBlock(decl_block_id);
  }

  // Format the metadata in File for `import Cpp`.
  auto FormatImportCppDeclRhs() -> void;

  // Formats an import ref. In an ideal case, this looks like " <ir>, <entity
  // name>, <loaded|unloaded>". However, if the entity name isn't present, this
  // may fall back to printing location information from the import source.
  auto FormatImportRefRhs(AnyImportRef inst) -> void;

  template <typename... Args>
  auto FormatArgs(Args... args) -> void {
    out_ << ' ';
    llvm::ListSeparator sep;
    ((out_ << sep, FormatArg(args)), ...);
  }

  // FormatArg variants handling printing instruction arguments. Several things
  // provide equivalent behavior with `FormatName`, so we provide that as the
  // default.
  template <typename IdT>
    requires(
        InstNamer::ScopeIdTypeEnum::Contains<IdT> ||
        SameAsOneOf<IdT, GenericId, NameId, SpecificId, SpecificInterfaceId> ||
        std::derived_from<IdT, InstId>)
  auto FormatArg(IdT id) -> void {
    FormatName(id);
  }

  auto FormatArg(BoolValue v) -> void { out_ << v; }
  auto FormatArg(CharId c) -> void { out_ << c; }
  auto FormatArg(EntityNameId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(FacetTypeId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(IntKind k) -> void { k.Print(out_); }
  auto FormatArg(FloatKind k) -> void { k.Print(out_); }
  auto FormatArg(ImportIRId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(IntId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(ElementIndex index) -> void { out_ << index; }
  auto FormatArg(CallParamIndex index) -> void { out_ << index; }
  auto FormatArg(NameScopeId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(InstBlockId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(AbsoluteInstBlockId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(RealId id) -> void;
  auto FormatArg(StringLiteralValueId id) -> void;

  // A `FormatArg` wrapper for `FormatInstArgAndKind`.
  using FormatArgFnT = auto(Formatter& formatter, int32_t arg) -> void;

  // Returns the `FormatArgFnT` for the given `IdKind`.
  template <typename... Types>
  static auto GetFormatArgFn(TypeEnum<Types...> id_kind) -> FormatArgFnT*;

  // Calls `FormatArg` from an `ArgAndKind`.
  auto FormatInstArgAndKind(Inst::ArgAndKind arg_and_kind) -> void;

  auto FormatReturnSlotArg(InstId dest_id) -> void;

  // `FormatName` is used when we need the name from an id. Most id types use
  // equivalent name formatting from InstNamer, although there are a few special
  // formats below.
  template <typename IdT>
    requires(InstNamer::ScopeIdTypeEnum::Contains<IdT> ||
             std::same_as<IdT, GenericId>)
  auto FormatName(IdT id) -> void {
    out_ << inst_namer_.GetNameFor(id);
  }

  auto FormatName(NameId id) -> void;
  auto FormatName(InstId id) -> void;
  auto FormatName(SpecificId id) -> void;
  auto FormatName(SpecificInterfaceId id) -> void;

  auto FormatLabel(InstBlockId id) -> void;

  auto FormatConstant(ConstantId id) -> void;

  auto FormatInstAsType(InstId id) -> void;

  auto FormatTypeOfInst(InstId id) -> void;

  // Returns the label for the indicated IR.
  auto GetImportIRLabel(ImportIRId id) -> std::string;

  const File* sem_ir_;
  InstNamer inst_namer_;
  Parse::GetTreeAndSubtreesFn get_tree_and_subtrees_;

  // For each CheckIRId, whether entities from it should be formatted.
  const FixedSizeValueStore<CheckIRId, bool>* include_ir_in_dumps_;

  // Whether to use ranges when dumping, or to dump the full SemIR.
  bool use_dump_sem_ir_ranges_;

  // The output stream buffer.
  std::string buffer_;

  // The output stream.
  llvm::raw_string_ostream out_ = llvm::raw_string_ostream(buffer_);

  // Chunks of output text that we have created so far.
  llvm::SmallVector<OutputChunk> output_chunks_;

  // The current scope that we are formatting within. References to names in
  // this scope will not have a `@scope.` prefix added.
  InstNamer::ScopeId scope_ = InstNamer::ScopeId::None;

  // Whether we are formatting in a terminator sequence, that is, a sequence of
  // branches at the end of a block. The entirety of a terminator sequence is
  // formatted on a single line, despite being multiple instructions.
  bool in_terminator_sequence_ = false;

  // The indent depth to use for new instructions.
  int indent_ = 0;

  // Whether we are currently formatting immediately after an open brace. If so,
  // a newline will be inserted before the next line indent.
  bool after_open_brace_ = false;

  // The constant value of the current instruction, if it has one that has not
  // yet been printed. The value `NotConstant` is used as a sentinel to indicate
  // there is nothing to print.
  ConstantId pending_constant_value_ = ConstantId::NotConstant;

  // Whether `pending_constant_value_`'s instruction is the same as the
  // instruction currently being printed. If true, only the phase of the
  // constant is printed, and the value is omitted.
  bool pending_constant_value_is_self_ = false;

  // The name of the IR file from which the current entity was imported, if it
  // was imported and no file has been printed yet. This is printed before the
  // first open brace or the semicolon in the entity declaration.
  llvm::StringRef pending_imported_from_;

  // Indexes of chunks of output that should be included when an instruction is
  // referenced, indexed by the instruction's index.
  FixedSizeValueStore<InstId, size_t> tentative_inst_chunks_;

  // Maps nodes to their parents. Only set when dump ranges are in use, because
  // the parents aren't used otherwise.
  using NodeParentStore = FixedSizeValueStore<Parse::NodeId, Parse::NodeId>;
  std::optional<NodeParentStore> node_parents_;
};

template <typename IdT>
auto Formatter::FormatEntityStart(llvm::StringRef entity_kind,
                                  InstId first_owning_decl_id,
                                  GenericId generic_id, IdT entity_id) -> void {
  // If this entity was imported from a different IR, annotate the name of
  // that IR in the output before the `{` or `;`.
  if (first_owning_decl_id.has_value()) {
    auto import_ir_inst_id =
        sem_ir_->insts().GetImportSource(first_owning_decl_id);
    if (import_ir_inst_id.has_value()) {
      auto import_ir_id =
          sem_ir_->import_ir_insts().Get(import_ir_inst_id).ir_id();
      if (const auto* import_file =
              sem_ir_->import_irs().Get(import_ir_id).sem_ir) {
        pending_imported_from_ = import_file->filename();
      }
    }
  }

  if (generic_id.has_value()) {
    FormatGenericStart(entity_kind, generic_id);
  }

  out_ << "\n";
  after_open_brace_ = false;
  Indent();
  out_ << entity_kind;

  // If there's a generic, it will have attached the name. Otherwise, add the
  // name here.
  if (!generic_id.has_value()) {
    out_ << " ";
    FormatName(entity_id);
  }
}

template <typename IdT>
auto Formatter::FormatEntityStart(llvm::StringRef entity_kind,
                                  const EntityWithParamsBase& entity,
                                  IdT entity_id) -> void {
  FormatEntityStart(entity_kind, entity.first_owning_decl_id, entity.generic_id,
                    entity_id);
}

template <typename... Types>
auto Formatter::GetFormatArgFn(TypeEnum<Types...> id_kind) -> FormatArgFnT* {
  static constexpr std::array<FormatArgFnT*, IdKind::NumValues> Table = {
      [](Formatter& formatter, int32_t arg) -> void {
        auto typed_arg = Inst::FromRaw<Types>(arg);
        if constexpr (requires { formatter.FormatArg(typed_arg); }) {
          formatter.FormatArg(typed_arg);
        } else {
          CARBON_FATAL("Missing FormatArg for {0}", typeid(Types).name());
        }
      }...,
      // Invalid and None handling (ordering-sensitive).
      [](auto...) -> void { CARBON_FATAL("Unexpected invalid IdKind"); },
      [](auto...) -> void {},
  };
  return Table[id_kind.ToIndex()];
}

}  // namespace Carbon::SemIR

#endif  // CARBON_TOOLCHAIN_SEM_IR_FORMATTER_H_